Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Spore Differentiation inDictyostelium discoideum

Signal transduction pathways leading to spore differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Cells that overexpress PKA as a consequence of carrying multiple copies of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit can be induced to sporulate when developing as single cells. A peptide phosphorylated by PKA, termed SDF-1, has recently been shown to stimulate this process (Anjard et al., 1997). Several genes have been implicated in a signal transduction pathway by which prestalk cells induce en...

Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Heat Shock Transcription.

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are essential for intracellular protein folding during stress and protect cells from denaturation and aggregation cascades that can lead to cell death. HSP genes are regulated at the transcriptional level by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) that is activated by stress and binds to heat shock elements in HSP genes. The activation of HSF1 during heat shock involv...

Signal transduction pathways regulating hematopoietic differentiation.

Engineering Signal Transduction Pathways

Cells respond to their environment by sensing signals and translating them into changes in gene expression. In recent years, synthetic networks have been designed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems to create new functionalities and for specific applications. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with engineering signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, we address advant...

Signal Transduction Pathways for Leptin

Leptin is a critical regulator of energy balance in mammals and has served as a launch point for innumerable studies examining the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure (1). At high physiological concentrations, leptin causes a decrease in food intake, an increase in energy expenditure, and a shift to increased fatty acid oxidation. These physiological shifts lead to a decrease in bo...